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| Mahasen (Mahasena) | |
| King of Sri Lanka | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A statue of Mahasena | |
| Reign | 275-301 |
| Predecessor | Jetthatissa |
| Successor | Sirimeghavanna |
| Royal House | Anuradhapura Kingdom |
| Father | King Gotabhaya |
Mahasen, also known in some records as Mahasena, was a king of Sri Lanka who ruled the country from 275 to 301 AD. He started the construction of large tanks or reservoirs in Sri Lanka,[1] and built sixteen such tanks.[2] After becoming king, Mahasen discriminated against Theravada Buddhists in the country, and destroyed several temples including Mahavihara, the main Theravada temple, before his chief minister led him to realise his mistakes.[3] The Jethavana stupa was also built by Mahasen. His countrymen regarded him as a god or deity after the construction of the Minneriya tank, and he was named Minneri Deviyo (God of Minneriya).
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[edit] Discrimination against Theravada Buddhism
Mahasen was the younger son of King Gothabaya, who ruled the country from 253 to 266. His elder brother and predecessor to the throne was King Jetthatissa, who was the king from 266 to 275. Mahasen and Jetthatissa were educated by a Buddhist monk named Sanghamitta, who was a follower of the Vaitulya doctrine. Mahasen also became a follower of this doctrine, which was associated with Mahayana Buddhism. Theravada Buddhism was traditionally the official religion of the country. However when Mahasen acquired the throne, he ordered the Bhikkhus of Mahavihara, the largest Theravada temple in the country, to accept Mahayana teachings. When they refused, Mahasen prohibited his countrymen from providing food to the Theravada Bhikkhus, and established a fine for violating this. As a result, the Buddhist monks abandoned Anuradhapura and went to the Ruhuna municipality in the South of the country.
Mahasen destroyed the Mahavihara, and the materials obtained from there were used for building the Abhayagiri vihara, the main Mahayana temple. Lovamahapaya, which belonged to the Mahavihara, was also destroyed. After this incident, the king’s chief minister and friend, Meghavannabaya, rebelled and raised and army in Ruhuna against him. The king came with his army to defeat Meghavannabaya and camped opposite the rebel camp. On the night before the battle was to be fought, Meghavannabaya managed to enter Mahasen’s camp and convinced him to stop the violence against Theravada Buddhists. Mahasen agreed to stop the violence and made peace with Meghavannabaya, and later reconstructed the Mahavihara.
[edit] Constructions
The Jethavana stupa was built by Mahasen in the land belonging to Mahavihara.[3] This is the highest stupa in Sri Lanka, and is among the tallest in the world. It is also the largest brick building ever built.
The Mahavamsa, the ancient chronicle of Sri Lanka, states that Mahasen constructed sixteen large tanks and two irrigation canals. The largest among these is the Minneriya tank, which covers an area of 4670 acres.[4] The tank has a circumference of 21miles, and its 44 foot high bund is 1.25 miles long. The Minneriya tank provides water for a large area, and its water supply is maintained by the Elahara canal. Henry Ward, a governor of Sri Lanka when it was a British crown colony, had stated;[4]
No wisdom and no power in the ruler can have forced such efforts even upon the most passive oriental nations, without general persuasion that the work was one of paramount necessity and that all would participate in its benefits
The sixteen tanks given in the Mahavamsa as built by Mahasen are as follows.[3] Some of these tanks have been identified, and the present names of the ones that have been identified are given in brackets.
- Manihira (Minneriya)
- Mahagama
- Challura
- Khanu
- Mahamani
- Kokavata
- Dhammarama
- Kumbalaka
- Vahana
- Ratmalakandaka (Padawiya)
- Tissavadamanaka (Kawudulla)
- Velangavitthi
- Mahagallaka
- Cira
- Mahadaragallaka (Nachchaduwa)
- Kalapasana
In addition to these, Mahasen also built the canal Pabbathantha ela, and also completed the canal Elahara ela, which was started by King Vasabha.[5]
[edit] Relations with the countrymen
During Mahasen’s anti-Theravada campaign, his countrymen turned against him and this opposition even led to rebellions against him. These led to the killing of several royal officials, including the monk Sanghamitta, the teacher of the king who led him to this campaign.[3]
However, after Mahasen reconstructed the Mahavihara and constructed and repaired several tanks in order to improve agriculture in the country, the people’s opposition toward him was reduced. After the construction of the Minneriya reservoir, Mahasen was regarded as a god or deity, and was called Minneri Deviyo (God of Minneriya).[6] After his death, a shrine was built for him near the Minneriya reservoir, the remains of which can be seen to this day.
Mahasen died in 301, and with his death, the Mahavamsa written by the Buddhist Monk Mahanama also ends.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- General
- Samaranayake, K. (2004). Famous Kings of Ancient Sri Lanka. pp. 45-49. ISBN 955-98890-0-1.
- Specific
- ^ "Country Profile". The High Commission of Sri Lanka - Singapore. http://www.lanka.com.sg/profile.html. Retrieved on 2008-11-01.
- ^ Derrick Schokman (2004-03-20). "Exploring the Sigiri-bim". Daily News. http://www.dailynews.lk/2004/03/20/fea05.html. Retrieved on 2008-11-01.
- ^ a b c d "King Mahasen". Translated Online Mahavamsa. http://mahavamsa.org/king-mahasen-275-ad-301-ad-sri-lanka/. Retrieved on 2008-11-01.
- ^ a b "Constructions of King Mahasen". Translated Online Mahavamsa. http://mahavamsa.org/constructions-king-mahasen-ancient-irrigation/. Retrieved on 2008-11-01.
- ^ "Irrigation Systems". University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. http://www.pdn.ac.lk/eng/ocm/pdf/EF502_Lecture_2.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-11-01.
- ^ Gamini G. Punchihewa (2003-07-16). "Three cornerstones of local culture". Daily News. http://www.dailynews.lk/2003/07/16/fea16.html. Retrieved on 2008-11-01.
| Mahasena of Sri Lanka | ||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Jetthatissa | Kings of Rajarata 275 AD–301 AD | Succeeded by ' |
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